用 React + Router + Redux + ImmutableJS 写一个 Github 查询应用

前言

学了一身本领后,本章将带大家完成一个单页式应用程式(Single Page Application),整合 React + Redux + ImmutableJS + React Router 搭配 Github API 制作一个简单的 Github 使用者查询应用,实际体验一下开发 React App 的感受。

功能规划

让访客可以使用 Github ID 搜寻 Github 使用者,展示 Github 使用者名称、follower、following、avatar_url 并可以返回首页。

使用技术

  1. React
  2. Redux
  3. Redux Thunk
  4. React Router
  5. ImmutableJS
  6. Fetch
  7. Material UI
  8. Roboto Font from Google Font
  9. Github API(https://api.github.com/users/torvalds)

不过要注意的是 Github API 若没有使用 App key 的话可以呼叫 API 的次数会受限

专案成果截图

React Redux

React Redux

环境安装与设定

  1. 安装 Node 和 NPM

  2. 安装所需套件

$ npm install --save react react-dom redux react-redux react-router immutable redux-immutable redux-actions whatwg-fetch redux-thunk material-ui react-tap-event-plugin
$ npm install --save-dev babel-core babel-eslint babel-loader babel-preset-es2015 babel-preset-react babel-preset-stage-1 eslint eslint-config-airbnb eslint-loader eslint-plugin-import eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y eslint-plugin-react html-webpack-plugin webpack webpack-dev-server redux-logger

接下来我们先设定一下开发文档。

  1. 设定 Babel 的设定档: .babelrc

    {
     "presets": [
       "es2015",
       "react",
      ],
     "plugins": []
    }
    
    
  2. 设定 ESLint 的设定档和规则: .eslintrc

    {
      "extends": "airbnb",
      "rules": {
        "react/jsx-filename-extension": [1, { "extensions": [".js", ".jsx"] }],
      },
      "env" :{
        "browser": true,
      }
    }
    
  3. 设定 Webpack 设定档: webpack.config.js

    // 让你可以动态插入 bundle 好的 .js 档到 .index.html
    const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
    
    const HTMLWebpackPluginConfig = new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: `${__dirname}/src/index.html`,
      filename: 'index.html',
      inject: 'body',
    });
     
    // entry 为进入点,output 为进行完 eslint、babel loader 转译后的档案位置
    module.exports = {
      entry: [
        './src/index.js',
      ],
      output: {
        path: `${__dirname}/dist`,
        filename: 'index_bundle.js',
      },
      module: {
        preLoaders: [
          {
            test: /\.jsx$|\.js$/,
            loader: 'eslint-loader',
            include: `${__dirname}/src`,
            exclude: /bundle\.js$/
          }
        ],
        loaders: [{
          test: /\.js$/,
          exclude: /node_modules/,
          loader: 'babel-loader',
          query: {
            presets: ['es2015', 'react'],
          },
        }],
      },
      // 启动开发测试用 server 设定(不能用在 production)
      devServer: {
        inline: true,
        port: 8008,
      },
      plugins: [HTMLWebpackPluginConfig],
    };
    

太好了!这样我们就完成了开发环境的设定可以开始动手实作 Github Finder 应用程式了!

动手实作

  1. Setup Mockup

    HTML Markup(src/index.html):

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title>GithubFinder</title>
     <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,400,500" rel="stylesheet">
    </head>
    <body>
     <div id="app"></div>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    设定 webpack.config.js 的进入点 src/index.js

    import React from 'react';
    import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
    import { Provider } from 'react-redux';
    import { browserHistory, Router, Route, IndexRoute } from 'react-router';
    import injectTapEventPlugin from 'react-tap-event-plugin';
    import MuiThemeProvider from 'material-ui/styles/MuiThemeProvider';
    import Main from './components/Main';
    import HomePageContainer from './containers/HomePageContainer';
    import ResultPageContainer from './containers/ResultPageContainer';
    import store from './store';
    
    // 引入 react-tap-event-plugin 避免 material-ui onTouchTap event 会遇到的问题
    // Needed for onTouchTap
    // http://stackoverflow.com/a/34015469/988941
    injectTapEventPlugin();
     
    // 用 react-redux 的 Provider 包起来将 store 传递下去,让每个 components 都可以存取到 state
    // 这边使用 browserHistory 当做 history,并使用 material-ui 的 MuiThemeProvider 包裹整个 components
    // 由于这边是简易的 App 我们设计了 Main 为母模版,其有两个子组件 HomePageContainer 和 ResultPageContainer,其中 HomePageContainer 为根位置的子组件
    ReactDOM.render(
      <Provider store={store}>
        <MuiThemeProvider>
          <Router history={browserHistory}>
            <Route path="/" component={Main}>
              <IndexRoute component={HomePageContainer} />
              <Route path="/result" component={ResultPageContainer} />
            </Route>
          </Router>
        </MuiThemeProvider>
      </Provider>,
      document.getElementById('app')
    );
    
  2. Actions

    首先先定义 actions 常数:

    export const SHOW_SPINNER = 'SHOW_SPINNER';
    export const HIDE_SPINNER = 'HIDE_SPINNER';
    export const GET_GITHUB_INITIATE = 'GET_GITHUB_INITIATE';
    export const GET_GITHUB_SUCCESS = 'GET_GITHUB_SUCCESS';
    export const GET_GITHUB_FAIL = 'GET_GITHUB_FAIL';
    export const CHAGE_USER_ID = 'CHAGE_USER_ID';
    

    现在我们来规划我们的 actions 的部份,这个范例我们使用到了 redux-thunk 来处理非同步的 action(若读者对于新的 Ajax 处理方式 fetch() 不熟悉可以先参考这个文件)。以下是 src/actions/githubActions.js 完整程式码:

    // 这边引入了 fetch 的 polyfill,考以让旧的浏览器也可以使用 fetch
    import 'whatwg-fetch';
    // 引入 actionTypes 常数
    import {
      GET_GITHUB_INITIATE,
      GET_GITHUB_SUCCESS,
      GET_GITHUB_FAIL,
      CHAGE_USER_ID,
    } from '../constants/actionTypes';
    
    // 引入 uiActions 的 action
    import {
      showSpinner,
      hideSpinner,
    } from './uiActions';
    
    // 这边是这个范例的重点,要学习我们之前尚未讲解的非同步 action 处理方式:不同于一般同步 action 直接发送 action,非同步 action 会回传一个带有 dispatch 参数的 function,里面使用了 Ajax(这里使用 fetch())进行处理
    // 一般和 API 互动的流程:INIT(开始请求/秀出 spinner)-> COMPLETE(完成请求/隐藏 spinner)-> ERROR(请求失败)
    // 这次我们虽然没有使用 redux-actions 但我们还是维持标准 Flux Standard Action 格式:{ type: '', payload: {} }
    
    export const getGithub = (userId = 'torvalds') => {
      return (dispatch) => {
        dispatch({ type: GET_GITHUB_INITIATE });
        dispatch(showSpinner());
        fetch('https://api.github.com/users/' + userId)
          .then(function(response) { return response.json() })
          .then(function(json) { 
            dispatch({ type: GET_GITHUB_SUCCESS, payload: { data: json } });
            dispatch(hideSpinner());
          })
          .catch(function(response) { dispatch({ type: GET_GITHUB_FAIL }) });
      } 
    }
    
    // 同步 actions 处理,回传 action 物件
    export const changeUserId = (text) => ({ type: CHAGE_USER_ID, payload: { userId: text } });
    

    以下是 src/actions/uiActions.js 负责处理 UI 的行为:

    import { createAction } from 'redux-actions';
    import {
      SHOW_SPINNER,
      HIDE_SPINNER,
    } from '../constants/actionTypes';
     
    // 同步 actions 处理,回传 action 物件
    export const showSpinner = () => ({ type: SHOW_SPINNER});
    export const hideSpinner = () => ({ type: HIDE_SPINNER});
    

    透过于 src/actions/index.js 将我们 actions 输出

    export * from './uiActions';
    export * from './githubActions';
    
  3. Reducers

    接下来我们要来设定一下 Reducers 和 models(initialState 格式)的设计,注意我们这个范例都是使用 ImmutableJS。以下是 src/constants/models.js

    import Immutable from 'immutable';
    
    export const UiState = Immutable.fromJS({
      spinnerVisible: false,
    });
    
    // 我们使用 userId 来暂存使用者 ID,data 存放 Ajax 取回的资料
    export const GithubState = Immutable.fromJS({
      userId: '',
      data: {},
    });
    

    以下是 src/reducers/data/githubReducers.js

    import { handleActions } from 'redux-actions';
    import { GithubState } from '../../constants/models';
    
    import {
      GET_GITHUB_INITIATE,
      GET_GITHUB_SUCCESS,
      GET_GITHUB_FAIL,
      CHAGE_USER_ID,
    } from '../../constants/actionTypes';
    
    const githubReducers = handleActions({ 
      // 当使用者按送出按钮,发出 GET_GITHUB_SUCCESS action 时将接收到的资料 merge 
      GET_GITHUB_SUCCESS: (state, { payload }) => (
        state.merge({
          data: payload.data,
        })
      ),  
      // 当使用者输入使用者 ID 会发出 CHAGE_USER_ID action 时将接收到的资料 merge 
      CHAGE_USER_ID: (state, { payload }) => (
        state.merge({
          'userId':
          payload.userId
        })
      ),
    }, GithubState);
    
    export default githubReducers;
    
    

    以下是 src/reducers/ui/uiReducers.js

    import { handleActions } from 'redux-actions';
    import { UiState } from '../../constants/models';
    
    import {
      SHOW_SPINNER,
      HIDE_SPINNER,
    } from '../../constants/actionTypes';
    
    // 随着 fetch 结果显示 spinner
    const uiReducers = handleActions({
      SHOW_SPINNER: (state) => (
        state.set(
          'spinnerVisible',
          true
        )
      ),
      HIDE_SPINNER: (state) => (
        state.set(
          'spinnerVisible',
          false
        )
      ),
    }, UiState);
    
    export default uiReducers;
    

    将 reduces 使用 redux-immutablecombineReducers 在一起。以下是 src/reducers/index.js

    import { combineReducers } from 'redux-immutable';
    import ui from './ui/uiReducers';// import routes from './routes';
    import github from './data/githubReducers';// import routes from './routes';
    
    const rootReducer = combineReducers({
      ui,
      github,
    });
    
    export default rootReducer;
    

    运用 redux 提供的 createStore API 把 rootReducerinitialStatemiddlewares 整合后创建出 store。以下是 src/store/configureSotore.js

    import { createStore, applyMiddleware } from 'redux';
    import reduxThunk from 'redux-thunk';
    import createLogger from 'redux-logger';
    import Immutable from 'immutable';
    import rootReducer from '../reducers';
    
    const initialState = Immutable.Map();
    
    export default createStore(
      rootReducer,
      initialState,
      applyMiddleware(reduxThunk, createLogger({ stateTransformer: state => state.toJS() }))
    );
    
  4. Build Component

    终于我们进入了 View 的细节设计,首先我们先针对母模版,也就是每个页面都会出现的 AppBar 做设计。以下是 src/components/Main/Main.js

    import React from 'react';
    // 引入 AppBar
    import AppBar from 'material-ui/AppBar';
    
    const Main = (props) => (
      <div>
        <AppBar
          title="Github Finder"
          showMenuIconButton={false}
        />
        <div>
          {props.children}
        </div>
      </div>
    );
    
    // 进行 propTypes 验证
    Main.propTypes = {
      children: React.PropTypes.object,
    };
    
    export default Main;
    

    以下是 src/components/ResultPage/HomePage.js

    import React from 'react';
    // 使用 react-router 的 Link 当做超连结,传送 userId 当作 query
    import { Link } from 'react-router';
    import RaisedButton from 'material-ui/RaisedButton';
    import TextField from 'material-ui/TextField';
    import IconButton from 'material-ui/IconButton';
    import FontIcon from 'material-ui/FontIcon';
    
    const HomePage = ({
      userId,
      onSubmitUserId,
      onChangeUserId,
    }) => (
      <div>
        <TextField
          hintText="Please Key in your Github User Id."
          onChange={onChangeUserId}
        />
        <Link to={{ 
          pathname: '/result',
          query: { userId: userId }
        }}>
          <RaisedButton label="Submit" onClick={onSubmitUserId(userId)} primary />
        </Link>
      </div>
    );
    
    export default HomePage;
    

    以下是 src/components/ResultPage/ResultPage.js,将 userId 当作 props 传给 <GithubBox />

```javascript
import React from 'react';
import GithubBox from '../../components/GithubBox';

const ResultPage = (props) => (
  <div> 
    <GithubBox data={props.data} userId={props.location.query.userId} />  
  </div>
);

export default ResultPage;
```

以下是 `src/components/GithubBox/GithubBox.js`,负责撷取的 Github 资料呈现:

```javascript
import React from 'react';
import { Link } from 'react-router';
// 引入 material-ui 的卡片式组件
import { Card, CardActions, CardHeader, CardMedia, CardTitle, CardText } from 'material-ui/Card';
// 引入 material-ui 的 RaisedButton
import RaisedButton from 'material-ui/RaisedButton';
// 引入 ActionHome icon
import ActionHome from 'material-ui/svg-icons/action/home';

const GithubBox = (props) => (
  <div>
    <Card>
      <CardHeader
        title={props.data.get('name')}
        subtitle={props.userId}
        avatar={props.data.get('avatar_url')}
      />
      <CardText>
        Followers : {props.data.get('followers')}
      </CardText>      
      <CardText>
        Following : {props.data.get('following')}
      </CardText>
      <CardActions>
        <Link to="/">
          <RaisedButton 
            label="Back" 
            icon={<ActionHome />}
            secondary={true} 
          />
        </Link>
      </CardActions>
    </Card> 
  </div>
);

export default GithubBox;
```
  1. Connect State to Component

    最后,我们要将 Container 和 Component 连接在一起(若忘记了,请先回去复习 Container 与 Presentational Components 入门!)。以下是 src/containers/HomePage/HomePage.js,负责将 userId 和使用到的事件处理方法用 props 传进 component :

    import { connect } from 'react-redux';
    import HomePage from '../../components/HomePage';
    
    import {
      getGithub,
      changeUserId,
    } from '../../actions';
    
    export default connect(
      (state) => ({
        userId: state.getIn(['github', 'userId']),
      }),
      (dispatch) => ({
        onChangeUserId: (event) => (
          dispatch(changeUserId(event.target.value))
        ),
        onSubmitUserId: (userId) => () => (
          dispatch(getGithub(userId))
        ),
      }),
      (stateProps, dispatchProps, ownProps) => {
        const { userId } = stateProps;
        const { onSubmitUserId } = dispatchProps;
        return Object.assign({}, stateProps, dispatchProps, ownProps, {
          onSubmitUserId: onSubmitUserId(userId),
        });
      }
    )(HomePage);
    

    以下是 src/containers/ResultPage/ResultPage.js

    import { connect } from 'react-redux';
    import ResultPage from '../../components/ResultPage';
    
    export default connect(
      (state) => ({
        data: state.getIn(['github', 'data'])    
      }),
      (dispatch) => ({})
    )(ResultPage);
    
  2. That's it

    若一切顺利的话,这时候你可以在终端机下 $ npm start 指令,然后在 http://localhost:8008 就可以看到你的努力成果囉!

    React Redux

总结

本章带领读者们从零开始整合 React + Redux + ImmutableJS + React Router 搭配 Github API 制作一个简单的 Github 使用者查询应用。下一章我们将挑战进阶应用,学习 Server Side Rendering 方面的知识,并用 React + Redux + Node(Isomorphic)开发一个食谱分享网站。

延伸阅读

  1. Tutorial: build a weather app with React
  2. OpenWeatherMap
  3. Weather Icons
  4. Weather API Icons
  5. Material UI
  6. 【翻译】这个API很“迷人”——(新的Fetch API)
  7. Redux: trigger async data fetch on React view event
  8. Github API
  9. 传统 Ajax 已死,Fetch 永生

| | 上一章:Container 与 Presentational Components 入门 | 下一章:React Redux Sever Rendering(Isomorphic JavaScript)入门 |

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